The gut microbiota (GM) comprises billions of microorganisms in the human gastrointestinal tract. This microbial community exerts numerous physiological functions. Prominent among these functions is the effect on host immunity through the uptake of nutrients that strengthen intestinal cells and cells involved in the immune response.
The physiological functions of the GM are not limited to the gut, but bidirectional interactions between the gut microbiota and various extraintestinal organs have been identified. These interactions have been termed interorganic axes by several authors, among which the gut–brain, gut–skin, gut–lung, gut–heart, and gut–metabolism axes stand out.
It has been shown that an organism is healthy or in homeostasis when the GM is in balance. However, altered GM or dysbiosis represents a critical factor in the pathogenesis of many local and systemic diseases. Therefore, probiotics intervene in this context, which, according to various published studies, allows balance to be maintained in the GM, leading to an individual’s good health.
Read Full Scientific ArticleMechanism of Action & Health Benefits
Scientific illustrations demonstrating the mechanisms, functions, and clinical applications of probiotics.
Probiotics play an important role in human nutrition and health, and in balancing the intestinal microflora naturally. Health benefits attributed to the consumption of probiotics include maintenance of the normal gut flora, alleviation of lactose intolerance, improvement of digestive processes and absorption of nutrients, and stimulation of the body’s immune system.
Probiotics are now widely used in many countries by consumers and in clinical practice, and their health benefits are being investigated extensively. The need to find replacement therapeutic approaches to overcome side effects associated with current pharmacological treatments, and the need for new antimicrobials due to overuse of antibiotics, has propelled forward research on probiotics against a multitude of disorders.
Additional developments in the field of probiotics require cooperation between microbiologists, gastroenterologists, immunologists, nutritionists and food technologists reflecting the multidisciplinary nature of functional food research.
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